1گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، ایران
2باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3گروه تولید و بهره برداری آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
4گروه تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
چکیده
این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطوح مختلف پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید بر شاخصهای رشد و مورفولوژی روده ماهی قرمز (Carassius auratus gibelio) طراحی و اجرا گردید.بدین منظور تعداد 240 قطعه بچه ماهی با میانگین وزنی 28/0 ± 88/4 گرم به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول به عنوان شاهد با جیره پایه (فاقد گالاکتو الیگوساکارید)، گروههای دوم، سوم و چهارم به ترتیب با جیرههای حاوی 0، 5/0، 1 و 2 درصد گالاکتوالیگوساکارید به ازاء هر کیلوگرم جیره غذایی به مدت شش هفته تغذیه شدند. در انتهای آزمایش شاخصهای رشد (شامل وزن نهایی، ضریب رشد، ضریب تبدیل غذا) محاسبه گردید. علاوه براین از روده ماهیان قرمز نمونهبرداری به عمل آمد و میانگین طول، عرض و سطح جذب پرزهای روده در هر تیمار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.نتایج نشان‌دهنده تاثیر‌معنی‌دار تیمار 2 درصد گالاکتوالیگوساکارید بر افزایش طول و عرض و سطح جذب پرز روده بود (05/0 p <). در حالیکه اختلاف معنی‌داری در شاخصهای رشد مشاهده نشد. با توجه به تأثیر معنی‌دار پربیوتیک گالاکتو الیگوساکارید در افزایش سطح جذب روده ماهیان قرمز و هم‌چنین افزایش نسبی شاخصهای رشد در ماهیان تغذیه شده با گالاکتو الیگوساکارید نسبت به تیمار شاهد، بنظرمی‌رسد این ماده میتواند بعنوان یک عامل محرک رشد و تغذیه در جیره غذایی ماهیان قرمز زینتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
The Prebiotic Effects of Diet Galactooligosaccharide on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Carassius auratus gibelio
نویسندگان [English]
Hasan Sahraei1؛ Ahmad Pirali2؛ Fatemeh Ayatollahi3؛ Shoeib Farvardin4؛ Ali Akbar Hedayati3
1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agriculture, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The present study aimed to investigate the different levels of Galacto oligosaccharide prebiotic on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Carassius auratus gibelio. A number of 240 baby fish with the mean weight of 4.88 ±0.28 g were divided into four groups. The first group as the control was fed with basic diet (having no Galacto oligosaccharide) while the second, third, and fourth groups were fed with the diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % Galacto oligosaccharide for six weeks. At the end of the test, the growth markers were calculated (including final weight, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio). Then, intestinal biopsy was conducted and the mean length, width, and absorption surface of intestinal villus were measured in each treatment. The results indicated a significant effect of treatment with 2% Galacto oligosaccharide on villus length, width and absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between treatments in terms of growth parameters. Due to the significant effect of Galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on the increase of absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio as well as the relative increase of growth parameters int he fish fed with Galacto oligosaccharide than the control treatment, it seems that this substance can be used as a suitable stimulating factor of growth and feeding in the diets of red ornamental fish.
1. Akrami R., Hajimoradlou A., Matinfar A., Abediyankonari A., Ali mohammadi S A., 2008. Effects of Different Levels of Inhibitory Periotin Ratio on Growth Indices, Nutrition, Survival Rates and Organic Component of Huso huso. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 15(5): 55-67.
2. Akrami R., Karim abadi A., Mohammad zadeh H., Ahamadifar A., 2009. Effect of Mannan oligosaccharide probiotic on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to salt stress in whitefish Rutilus frisii kutum. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Science and Technology University of Khorramshahr, 8(3): 17-31.
3. Bai S.C., J. Koo K., Kim S., 2001. Effects of Chlorella powder as feed additive on growth performance in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastesschlegeli (Hilgendorf). Aquaculture Research. 32: 92–98.
4. Dimitroglou A., Merrifield D.L., Spring P., Sweetman J., Moate R., Davies S.J. 2010. Effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilisation, intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 300:182-188.
5. Forssten S.D., Korczyńska M.Z., Zwijsen R.M.L., Noordman W.H., Madetoja M., Ouwehand A.C., 2013. Changes in satiety hormone concentrations and feed intake in rats in response to lactic acid bacteria. Appetite, 71:16-21.
6. Genc M.A., Yilmaz E., Genc E., Aktas M., 2007. Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition, and intestine and liver histology of the hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture, 59:10–16.
7. Gopalakrishnan A., Clinthorne J.F., Rondini E.A., McCaskey S.J., Gurzell E.A., Langohr I.M., Gardner E.M., Fenton J.I., 2012. Supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides increases the percentage of NK cells and reduces colitis severity in Smad3-deficient mice. The Journal of Nutrition, 142:1336-1342.
8. Grimble R., 2001. Nutritional modulation of immune function. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 60: 389-397.
9. Grisdale-Helland B., Helland S.J., Gatlin Delbert M., 2008. The effects of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide or galactooligosaccharide on the growth and feed utilization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Aquaculture, 283: 163–167.
10. Gu M., Ma H.M., Mai K.S., Zhang W.B., Bai N., Wang X.J., 2011. Effects of dietary b-glucan, mannanoligosaccharide and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber, Apos-tichopus japonicus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31: 303-309.
11. Hamilton-Miller J. 2004. Probiotics and prebiotics in the elderly. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 80:447-451.
12. Heidarieh M., Soltani M., Tamimi, A.H., Toluei M.H. 2011. Comparative effect of raw fiber (Vitacel) and alginic acid (Ergosan) on growth performance, immunocompetent cell population and plasma lysozyme content of giant sturgeon (Huso huso). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 445-450.
13. Hoseinifar S.H., Mirvaghefi A., Amoozegar M.A., Sharifian M., Esteban M.A., 2015. Modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 45: 27-32.
14. Hoseinifar S.H., Mirvaghefi A., Merrifield L.D., 2011. The effects of dietary inactive brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus on the growth, physiological responses and gut microbiota of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). Aquaculture, 318: 90-94.
15. Hosoda H., Kojima M., Kangaw K., 2006. Biological, physiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 100: 398-410.
16. Jenabi haghparast R., Meshkini S., Tokmehchi A., 2013. Probiotic effects of bactiocell and mannan oligosaccharide precursor on growth and immunity in rainbow trout. Journal of Veterinary Research, 68(4): 375-382.
17. Kazemi R., Bahmani M., 1998. Texture coloring guidelines for histological study. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of International Research of Sturgeon. P: 70.
18. Kiron V., 2012. Fish immune system and its nutritional modulation for preventive health care. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 173:111-133.
19. Lovell T., 1998. Nutrition and feeding of fish. Klumer Academic Publishers (send Ed). pp. 71 – 214.
20. Mahious A.S., Gatesoupe F.J., Hervi M., Metailler R., Ollevier F., 2006. Effect of dietary inulin and oligosaccharides as prebiotics for weaning turbot, Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, C. 1758). Aquaculture International, 14: 219–229.
21. Merrifield D.L., Dimitroglou A., Foey A., Davies S.J., Baker R.T., Bøgwald J., Castex M., Ringø E., 2010. The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302(1-2): 1-18.
22. Nayak S.K., 2010. Role of gastrointestinal microbiota in fish. Aquaculture Research, 41:1553-1573.
23. Otaka K., 2006. Functional Oligosaccharide and Its New Aspect as Immune Modulation. Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 6(1): 3-9.
24. Parracho H., McCartney A.L., Gibson G.R., 2007. Probiotics and prebiotics in infant nutrition. Proceedings of theNutrition Society, 66: 405-411.
25. Pryor G.S., Royes J.B., Chapman F.A., Miles R.D., 2003. Mannanoligosaccharides in fish nutrition: effects of dietary supplementation on growth and gastrointestinal villi structure in Gulf of Mexico sturgeon. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 65: 106–111.
26. Ricker W.E., 1979. Growth rates and models. Fish Physiology, 8: 677-743.
27. Ringo E., Olsen R., Gifstad T., Dalmo R., Amlund H., Hemre G.I. Bakke A., 2010. Prebiotics in aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture Nutrition, 16: 117-136.
28. Staykov Y., Spring P., Denev S., Sweetman J., 2007. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide on the growth performance and immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 15: 153-161.
29. Uran P.A., Schrama J.W., Rombout J.H. W.M., Obach A., Jensen L., Koppe W., Verreth J.A.J., 2008. Soybean meal-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at different temperatures. Aquaculture Nutrition, 14: 324-330.
30. Vosoughi G., Mostahger B., Freshwater fish. Tehran University Press. Page 317.
31. Wang Y., Wu Z.X., Pang S.F., Zhu D.M., Feng X., Chen X.X., 2008. Effect of fructooligosaccharides on non-specific immune function in Carassius auratus. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 32: 488-492.
32. Zhou Q.C., Buentello J.A., Gatlin D.M., 2010. Effects of dietary prebiotics on growth performance, immune response and intestinal morphology of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture, 309: 253-257.
ابتدای صفحه